A Formal Behavior Kidney Interaction Model as a Computational Framework Linking Daily Human Behaviors to Chronic Kidney Disease Physiological Stress: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is heavily influenced by daily human behaviors such as hydration, dietary sodium intake, stress, sleep, physical exertion, and heat exposure yet existing clinical and computational systems rarely capture their short-term physiological impact on kidney stress. This systematic review synthesizes evidence from medical, behavioral, and computational research to evaluate the need and feasibility of a Behavior Kidney Interaction Model (BKIM), a formal framework that maps daily behaviors to kidney stress mechanisms. Findings from 23 studies demonstrate strong behavioral determinants of CKD, including circadian disruption, sedentary lifestyles, smoking, dietary patterns, and environmental exposures. Existing systems for CKD management such as digital decision support tools, agent-based simulations, and AI driven prediction models provide valuable long term risk assessments but lack mechanisms to represent behavior induced changes to renal perfusion, glomerular pressure, or tubular workload. Technical literature reveals promising modelling paradigms including rule-based systems, system dynamics, agent-based modeling, and time series analysis. However, none integrate behavioral variables into real-time physiological stress computation. This review identifies a significant scholarly gap as the absence of an interpretable computational framework that unifies behavioral inputs with short term kidney stress dynamics. The synthesis provides the conceptual and empirical foundation for developing BKIM, positioning it as a novel, clinically relevant model capable of supporting behavioral counselling, physiological simulation, and CKD prevention especially in resource limited rural communities.