Artificial Intelligence in Smart Cities and Urban Mobility: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been pivotal in advancing urban mobility and smart city planning. It offers innovative solutions to address emerging challenges in urban areas. With the global metropolitan population expected to comprise approximately 70% by 2050, the need for efficient, sustainable, and accessible urban mobility systems has become increasingly urgent. This systematic review synthesized 50 peer-reviewed studies from 2015 to 2024 that explore the implementation of AI alongside Internet-of-Things and Information Communication Technology in urban mobility. In particular, it highlights research on real-time traffic signal optimization, predictive algorithms, and intelligent routing systems, which have proven effective in reducing traffic congestion, improving the efficiency of public transportation, and enhancing safety through self-driving vehicles. Key challenges in implementing AI within smart cities and urban mobility include concerns over data privacy and sharing, infrastructure inadequacies, and the digital divide between regions. This systematic review has identified to overcome these obstacles, future research should focus on exploring innovative AI pathways, ensuring equitable access to AI technologies, and strengthening the physical infrastructure necessary to support smart city initiatives worldwide.