A Methodological Literature Review on Non-Invasive Blood Group Detection

Abstract

Blood grouping is the method of determining the type of blood inherent in an organism’s body based on the unique types of molecules present in their body- namely antigens and antibodies. Blood groups are differentiated based on the general ABO classification system. Identification of the blood group is a key factor, specifically in the field of healthcare. Organ transplantation and blood transfusion require the blood groups of the individuals to be determined rapidly, in case of diseases or accidents. The standard method of blood grouping requires samples of blood to be extracted from the person, which is then directed for further chemical processing. This conventional method is painful and time-consuming; thus, the introduction of a novel non-invasive method would bring convenience to most humans. The proposed systems have generally used visible light for voltage detection, image processing and deep learning algorithms, NIR spectroscopy, and methods of molecular detection in order to yield results. But limited literature based on this subject exists. Hence, this methodological literature review focuses on the existing peer reviewed literature that explores methods related to noninvasive blood grouping. Out of the methods reviewed, voltage detection using visible light and NIR spectroscopy proved to have the highest rates of success.