https://ir.kdu.ac.lk/handle/345/7289 2026-04-08T13:51:07Z https://ir.kdu.ac.lk/handle/345/7398 Achieving Resilience through Digitalization, Sustainability and Sectoral Transformation - What Are the Long Term Strategic Options and Reforms for Sri Lanka Armed Forces Jayasuriya, Robin Periodic circumstances in Sri Lanka’s history have warranted strategic realignment of its instruments of national power to suit changing global and regional power dynamics. Recent global events and regional incidents have pushed Sri Lanka to look inward and among others rethink its Economic, Foreign and Military Grand Strategies. The paper touches upon unconventional/asymmetric warfare, cyber warfare and the use of Intelligence and clandestine operations as an alternative to ensuring national security and a war strategy for numerically inferior smaller states. Clausewitz asserts that the defensive mode of warfare possesses inherent strength surpassing that of the offensive. In order to overcome this formidable defensive strength, Clausewitz contends that an army's most effective weapon is the advantage of superior numerical strength. Based on this theoretical framework, it may be argued that a significant number of countries globally face economic constraints that prevent them from maintaining numerically superior military forces. In his book "Spec Ops," William H. McRaven postulates that smaller forces might attain a position of relative supremacy within limited timeframes. The paper does not establish a connection between the concept of relative supremacy and the instruments of power related to Diplomacy and Foreign Policy, Trade, and Economy. The concept is often emphasised in the military sphere as a feasible path of action. 2023-09-01T00:00:00Z https://ir.kdu.ac.lk/handle/345/7395 Evaluating Weather Warfare in Alternative Futures A Game Changer in Future Power Rivalry Fernando, KERL Weather warfare or in other words weather modification, finds its place in warfare history in the past and in emerging technologies in the present context. During different eras of world history amidst being challenged for its legality and environmental impact, weather modifications survived under the shield of scientific purposes. Against this backdrop, weather warfare being the elephant in the room in power rivalry, this paper finds it imperative to evaluate its futuristic aspects in terms of alternative futures. Therefore, the problem statement of this paper is to answer the plausibility of weather warfare in alternative futures. In order to find feasible solutions, the methodology adopted in this paper is qualitative based on secondary sources including media and the internet and it is further analyzed using the four alternative scenarios for the future. The discussion includes evaluating the usage of weather warfare in the past, elaborating on the usage of weather warfare in the present context, revisiting the possible methods of weather warfare based on inventions in world history, critically examining the legality of weather warfare and finally to analyze weather warfare as a possible game changer in future world power rivalry. As a result, the main objective of this study is to unveil the plausibility of weather modification as a military strategy in alternative futures with its' possibility to identify as a game changer in world power rivalry. 2023-09-01T00:00:00Z https://ir.kdu.ac.lk/handle/345/7393 A comparative analysis of Clausewitz and Liddle Hart’s Military Theories and their applicability in modern warfare Amarasinghe, P The celebrated idea of Prussian war strategist Clausewitz regarding conventional warfare played a dominant role up to the First World War in the West. In his seminal work "On War", Clausewitz posits " If you want to overcome your enemy, you must match your efforts against the power of resistance". In a way, his idea was akin to annihilating the enemy's army in major battles. However, this idea was challenged by British military strategist Captain Basil Liddle Hart in his book titled "The Strategy" by proposing a different military theory called" Indirect Approach". The objective of this paper is based on making a comparative analysis between Clausewitz and Liddle Hart regarding the utility of their military theories in modern warfare. While taking a methodology based on a comparative analysis of the utility of the two doctrines, this paper explores the effectiveness of those military strategies against the current asymmetries in modern warfare. In order to buttress the reliability of this research, the examples from the Ukrainian war and the Sri Lankan war between 1990-2009 will be examined. The main objectivity of this paper lies in creating a novel discussion on the merits and demerits of Clausewitz and Captain Basil Liddle Hart’s theories of war in contemporary warfare. The results emerging from this research will demonstrate the relevance of re-reading both Clausewitz and Liddle Hart in an era, where the orthodox idea of warfare is at stake. 2023-09-01T00:00:00Z https://ir.kdu.ac.lk/handle/345/7390 Nexus Between Climate Change and Human Security in Sri Lanka Implications for Small Island Developing States in the Indian Ocean Region Prasanga, APA This study explores the interconnectedness of climate change and human security in Sri Lanka and its broader implications for Small Island Developing States (SIDS) in the Indian Ocean region. The research addresses a critical gap in understanding the complex relationship between climate change impacts and the challenges faced by human security in Sri Lanka, with implications for similarly vulnerable island nations in the Indian Ocean region. The research problem stems from the recognition that climate change poses substantial risks to human security in Sri Lanka, particularly in SIDS in the Indian Ocean region. The objectives of this research are to examine the specific impacts of Climate Change on Human Security in Sri Lanka, assess the climate changeinduced Human Security challenges faced by Sri Lanka, and recommend evidence-based adaptation and mitigation strategies to Sri Lanka and other SIDS in the IOR. The research methodology features a qualitative approach blending desk review with participatory methods, like case studies, enabling a comprehensive exploration of the research problem. A participatory approach involves Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and semi-structured interviews with affected communities, local leaders, and experts. Data analysis employs the Conflict Tree Visualization tool to illustrate causes, problems, and effects. To bolster reliability, a triangulation approach cross-references data from various sources. The results demonstrate that climate change exacerbates existing vulnerabilities and poses significant threats to human security in Sri Lanka and other SIDS in the Indian Ocean region. The findings reveal the interconnected nature of climate change impacts and human security challenges, highlighting the necessity of integrated approaches that address social, economic, and environmental dimensions. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the significance of enhancing resilience measures and strategies to protect vulnerable communities and ensure sustainable development in SIDS in the Indian Ocean region. 2023-09-01T00:00:00Z